The Tipping Point

In the novel, The Tipping Point, by Malcolm Gladwell epidemics are meant to include smoking, crime and even Hush Puppies. People you know can spread social or medical epidemics. Epidemic: Spreading rapidly and extensively by infection and affecting many individuals in an area or a population at the same time. In the novel, The Tipping Point, by Malcolm Gladwell he explains many epidemics that have effected everyone in one way or another. For example, Hush Puppies, teenage smoking, and crime in cities.It is said that there are three people involved in the spread of many epidemics. These people are mavens, salesmen, and connectors. Mavens are people who live to learn. Maven comes from the Yiddish, it means one who accumulates knowledge. (60) It is said that mavens are â€Å"obsessed† with getting the best deal on items. Also involved in spreading an epidemic is a â€Å"salesman. † This person has the skills to persuade other people that are unconvinced of the idea we are hearing. (70) The last and most commonly heard is a connector.A connector is one person who knows a wide range of people. â€Å"Sprinkled amount every walk of life, in other words, are a handful of people with a truly extraordinary knack of making friends and acquaintances. They are Connectors. † (41) Two significant men in the novel are Bernard Goetz, and Roger Horchow. Horchow is described as a Connector, whereas Goetz would be considered a salesman. A Successful business man in the area of Dallas, Roger Horchow is a prime example of a connector. Horchow has backed popular Broadway plays such as Les Miserables and Phantom of the Opera.Horchow had scored a 98 on a list of randomly selected names from a Manhattan phonebook, the average score was not that high. What makes him know so many people? He told Gladwell, that he was not using his range of people as a business strategy, and he did not consider it a collection (43) but for him to know. Horchow has the memory to remembe r the little boys he played with when he young. Remembering every name, and address of the person. (44) When in the business world you meet many different people.If you are a true business man and this person you have met would help you succeed, one would remember them. I know many connectors that are in my life, but when writing this one comes into mind. Phil Marcario, or as me and my friends had come to know him, Uncle Phil. He owns a restaurant that is known by many. Uncle Phil moves around a lot, from Cutchogue, to Wading River, to Rocky Point, and now to Jamesport, and Florida. Holidays and occasions as he talks about the people he knows, I constantly ask him â€Å"How do you know so many people†. He simply answers, â€Å"People owe me a lot of favors. That could be the Italian in him speaking, but after reading the Tipping Point, I often wonder if he is a connector and has started epidemics. â€Å"Perhaps it is best to call the Connector impulse simply that- an impuls e, just one of the many personality traits that distinguish one human being from another. † (46) December, 22 1984, something unthinkable happened on a subway in New York City. Bernard Goetz shot four young boys who were attempting to mug Goetz. (134) Some would say he was asking to be mugged by sitting next to the boys when the car was completely empty.But was he demonstrating something to the other subway goers? This man was considered a hero by many. He had shown people that there is a way to stop being mugged, although it was violent and illegal. Illegal and ungodly, sure, but the city's crime rate reached â€Å"epidemic proportions. † (135) Murders had now seem to drop by two thirds of what they had been. A salesmen is someone who persuades and convinces other people to buy, or believe something. How is Goetz a salesmen? He sold the idea that there is a way of lower the crime in New York City. This shooting open doors for subways. The Graffiti was symbolic of the c ollapse of the system. † (142) Soon enough the subway companies brought in David Gunn to help with this problem. Every night the cars would be painted over covering the fresh graffiti that youths had done. No car that was dirty would be used on the tracks. A salesman makes emotional sense of an idea or an object. (200) A salesman convinces the unconvinced, and teaches the uneducated. Goetz taught New York City officials about the crime in a violent matter, but both my mother and Goetz taught a person, or a while city by doing.Connecters, Mavens, and Salesman fall into one of the three laws that were described in the book The law of the Few. This law says that those three categories of people are the ones responsible for spreading epidemics. So if one were ever thinking of spreading a word-of-mouth epidemic, you would want them to be your prime resource. (256) Roger Horchow and Bernard Goetz two men who had spread or had the ability to spread epidemics make you think that there are many people close to you that can too spread social and public epidemics.

Functionalist perspective of family Essay

Functionalists believe that society is based on a set of shared values and norms; this is known as a value consensus. These norms and values socialize its members, which enables them to cooperate with each other so society’s needs are met, this creates social order. It offers a structural and macro view of the family which is top down. Functionalists see society as being similar to a biological organism for example the human body. This is called the organic analogy. The human body is made up of various different parts that function together, each part is necessary for the normal functioning of the whole body. Society is made up of various institutions (for example education or family), Functionalists believe that these institutions rely on each other each other which helps maintain social order. If one institution is quickly modified or fails to work with other institutions, society would be dysfunctional and would end up in anarchy. Functionalists compare this with the human body because if one component is unable to work, this often affects other components in the body, which could result in death. Functionalists believe that a family is a vital institution, which contributes to maintaining social order because it meets the needs of other institutions such as the education system, which enables society to functio n in a unified manner. Functionalists believes that the nuclear family fits society’s needs, however several alternative theories such as Feminism contradict Functionalist ideology. Murdock believes that the nuclear family performs four essential functions for society and its members however he acknowledges that other institutions can perform these functions. He claims that he found evidence of a nuclear family in 250 different societies so he argues that a nuclear family is universal as it fulfills societies needs. The first function is sexual, Murdock believes that sexual intercourse with the same marital partner can prevent social disruption and can strengthen the tie between husband and wife. The second function is reproduction; this allows new members of society to be born which is essential for society because if reproduction did not continue then society would cease to exist. The third function is  economical so the family can provide for its members e.g food and shelter. The final function is the education system, this enables the young to be socialized and educated into society’s norms and values, and this suggests the family is a positive feat ure of society. However Murdock’s research is limited because he ignores diversity. His research is based on a nuclear family, yet in modern society there are many different family types, for example homosexual couples/lone parents. The postmodernist view believes that the nuclear family is no longer the norm and therefore the functionalist theory is not relevant to today’s society. Another criticism would be that Functionalists do not consider the validity of other family structures such as the Nayar or the Kibbutz who can also perform the four functions. On the other hand, a strength of Murdock’s work is it provides an insight of the families’ importance to society, because they examine how a family functions in society. Another positive to Murdock’s interpretations of family life would be that Murdock could generalize his research because he has studied 250 different societies, which demonstrates how a nuclear family can fit societal needs around the world. Another Functionalists explanation of the family comes from Parsons who believes that the functions a family has to perform, will affect its ‘shape’ or ‘structure’. Parson’s identifies two types of family structure: the nuclear family, which fits the needs of modern industrial society and the extended family, which fits the needs of pre-industrial society. Parson’s argues that the extended family was multi-functional so it was a unit of consumption and production whilst the nuclear family fits the key needs of modern industrial society: geographically mobile workforce and the socially mobile workforce. The geographical mobility industries often required people to move to where the jobs were, Parson’s argued that a nuclear family (two generations) would find it more straightforward to move than an extended family (three generations) so the nuclear family is better fitted to the needs of modern industrial society. The social mobile workforce implied that modern society is constantly changing with technology and science also individual status is often achieved (using their own  efforts) rather than ascribed (fixed from birth) e.g. the son may ascribe their own status and move away from home and create their own nuclear family in which they are structurally isolated from other members so Parson’s argues that the nuclear family is better equipped that than the extended family to meet societies needs. Parson’s argues that the nuclear family ‘fits’ (fit thesis) modern society yet he also notices that the changing functions of the family are socially advanced so the family have to fulfill fewer functions for its members, Parson’s argues that the nuclear family specializes in two functions: the primary socialization of children which educates the next generation with basic skills and society’s values. The stabilization of adult personalities is the second function, this enables adults to release tensions so they can return to their place of work and perform their roles efficiently. Parson’s identifies segregated conjugal roles between a husband and wife. The husband has the instrumental role so he is expected to provide for his family whilst the wife has the expressive role and is expected to nurture her children. There are many negatives with Parson’s ideology for instance he idealizes the nuclear family and ignores diversity, as there is more than just the nuclear and extended family in modern society. Another criticism would be that Peter Laslett studied the pre-industrial society and concluded that in this society, the common family was nuclear and not extended as Parson claimed. This was because many families decided to have their children when they were older and short life expectancy conveyed that grandparents were not alive when their first grandchild was born. . However there are some positives about Parson’s research, the first would be that Parson’s identifies how families change in society, another reason would be that Parson’s research shows how families can adapt to meet societies needs so a more stable society is created and he argues that family life ‘fits’ and benefits society e.g. reproduction allows new members of society to be create d so society’s norms and values are passed on to the next generation, which helps create a stable society and social order. More broadly, some feminists such as Oakley argues that Murdock and other functionalists neglects conflict and exploitation in a family (e.g. domestic violence), many feminists also believe that within the family, women are serving the needs of men and they are oppressed, this suggest the family is not functional for women as argued by the functionalists. Marxist’s have a similar conflict point of view as they believe that Murdock ignore the negatives in a family life, as Murdock has an extremely positive view on family life. Marxists ( Engels and Zaretsky)however argue that the family meets the needs of capitalism and not those of family members or society in general, which conflicts with Murdock’s ideology. Furthermore The radical psychiatrists such as Laing argues that the family is dysfunctional as it damages the individual and can lead to mental illness, they argue that the nuclear family is not productive to its members. The New right however supports the functionalist’s view of the nuclear family and suggests they help society to function, however they are an extreme view and have themselves been criticized. To conclude, Functionalists all agree that the nuclear family is the best to fit societies needs, it offers a positive consensus view, however it ignores women’s positions and ignore how the family feeds capitalism, they also ignore family diversity. To understand the family unit, one must look at all theoretical views as functionalism on its own is too limited a view.

Traditional Cultures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Traditional Cultures - Research Paper Example Some marriage ideas have been borrowed from other societies and replaced the traditional ones, which is referred to as cultural loss while others have been created and accepted widely by other communities through diffusion. Dominant and powerful societies have expanded their cultural practices across borders; thus, forcing other societies to forsake their traditional cultural practices in marriage and adopt the new ones, which is known as acculturation. There are various levels of power among societies such as hard power, soft power, and structural power. Hard power refers to the use of military or economic forces in order to coerce societies to forsake their cultures and adopt new ones while soft power uses cooperative methods such as persuasion and attraction through various ways e.g. propaganda. Structural power involves the interaction of economic and political forces with ideological forces such as beliefs and values that play a significant part in the society. According to Havi land et al, globalization plays a significant role in shaping the future of the world. It refers to a process that transforms local traditions and cultures into global ones through external and internal migration; hence, resulting in investment, trade and cultural exchange across the borders. Globalization signifies the removal of mostly economic barriers in order to assist in inter-cultural relations. Thus, it is the best way to end discrimination since it encourages inter-cultural and inter-racial marriage, which promotes multiculturalism. However, globalization has changed how the marriage ceremony used to be conducted in Africa. Most African countries practiced traditional marriages where the bride and the groom got married under the customary law. It was a requirement for the family of the groom to pay dowry to the bride’s family before marriage, which was a tradition, passed from one generation to another. Through globalization, most African societies have borrowed the idea of weddings, which is a common practice in the west (Browning 102). As a result, the traditional

Whole Foods Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Whole Foods Market - Essay Example Not only did they satisfy the people in Texas they went well above and beyond. â€Å"Wow! What a ride. Back in 1980, we started out with one small store in Austin, Texas. Today, we’re the world’s leader in natural and organic foods, with more than 310 stores in North America and the United Kingdom. What a long, strange trip it’s been. We still honor our original ideals, and we think that has a lot to do with our success.† (About Whole Foods) It is very important to shed light upon the price of certain items sold in Whole Foods, the price is usually higher than the same grocery products sold in other stores, this is something which could be affecting the profits of Whole Foods. However, it is unclear as to why the price is higher than other grocery stores. There could be a number of reasons for this but at the end of the day what matters is profit and the quality of the products sold in the store. As far as the quality is concerned Whole Foods has always be en providing their customers with the very best products so quality is certainly not an issue but price is something which they need to work on only then can they increase their profits. Reducing the price does not mean it will hamper their growth, they can always find new ways or special offers which could fetch them even more profits, everything comes down to innovation. Thinking out of the box has become really important and one good pricing strategy can fetch a lot of profit to Whole Foods. Whole Foods does not promote the discount card scheme and this is really strange, it is strange because the customers who keep visiting the store do not get rewarded and they should be rewarded only then will they feel like coming over and over again. Discount cards will also bring Whole Foods new customers and finding new customers is really important for any business. This is the first change which Whole Foods must introduce; discount cards are the need of the hour. The economic conditions in the recent past have been anything but ideal considering the same Whole Foods must introduce discount cards and this change is ought to bring more clients which would imply more profit for the organization. Whole Foods can become even more popular by sponsoring events, sponsoring local events would be ideal just to make a start but in the long run the store can also sponsor sporting events so that it becomes even more popular. This is another very good way of attracting more clients. The Premier League is a classic example, Barclays in the UK started sponsoring the Premier League in England and it is now known as the Barclays Premier League and it is watched by Billions of people across the globe. Such sponsorship deals may be expensive for an organization but can prove very beneficial in the long run. Whole Foods should also look at similar opportunities so as to make their mark. Organic food is something in which Whole Foods specialize and they need to work on building a brand identity. The first thing which should come to minds of people when they think of organic food should be Whole Foods, this is not an easy job but it can be accomplished and there are several organizations who have accomplished the same and there is no reason as to why Whole Foods cannot achieve the same in the field of organic food. Aggressive promotion is another idea which could work well for Whole Foods, social networking websites have become incredibly popular, big organizations have their own Facebook pages and Whole Foods should also create a Fan page and keep it updated so that the people can know of the recent changes and the recent products being sold by Whole Foods. Twitter is another medium with the help of

Case Study Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Study Summary - Essay Example Most of the processes are automated, but there is a need for human intervention for checking the system. This translated into the scenario where unexpected demand or troubles with the equipments caused inventory management and customer service problems. The year of 1999 was very difficult due to weak international economies, a shortened demand, over-capacity, and a squeeze on prices and margins. So the people at Eastman Chemical Company set the goal of better customer service, lowering operating costs, improving plant performance, and reducing inventory costs. There was a clear need for improving the supply chain planning processes. The solution for Eastman Chemical Company was to implement agile demand planning, agile production scheduling, and efficient distribution of inventories. (Ng, 2002: pp. 1-3). Eastman was the first chemical enterprise to do business online. Eastman was an early adopter of the Internet as an excellent medium of information for leveraging its capabilities. Eastman, headquartered in Kingsport, Tennessee, United States, manufactured over 1,200 chemicals, fibers, and plastics. It was one of the top 10 global suppliers of custom-manufactured fine chemicals for pharmaceutical, agricultural, chemicals, and other markets for a wide array of consumer products. On December 5, 2001, the publication Chemical Week placed Eastman worldwide as 43rd by sales, 59th by profitability, and 29th by innovation in the global industry. As a pioneer in e-business, Eastman had the following online strategy: In July, 1999, Eastman launched its Customer Center over the Internet at eastman.com. At the core of Eastman’s e-business strategy there was the Integrated System Solution (ISS) as the technical architecture for implementing the necessary interconnectivity at the supply chain level. By the year of 2001, Eastman was making about 30% of its sales through eastman.com, eastamanmarketplace.com, online marketplaces, EDI and ISS as its

Faculty of Businnes, Environment and Society Assignment

Faculty of Businnes, Environment and Society - Assignment Example This issue can lead to serious monetary and non-monetary repercussions for the company. In the legal sense, the company has displayed an unacceptable level of negligence and casualty in the management of standard of care which should have been exercised adequately by the company to ensure that it maintained its reputation as a socially responsible enterprise. As such, it is the legal duty of Choc Deluxe now to take care of the situation so that the derogatory impacts of the incidence can be lessened if not mitigated completely. It cannot be denied that sheer negligence has been done on the part of Choc Deluxe which has resulted in the monetary and physical harm for the consumer of the product, Lauren. Thus, both the aspects of financial and physical losses and harm are associated with this incidence. Not only ahs her tooth and lips dammed because of biting the nail present in the chocolates but also she has to incur a high cost of 20000 for treating her broken tooth and the cut in he r lips. This is a form of pecuniary damage done to the plaintiff as per the tort of negligence (Buxton, 2000). This is because the plaintiff has been physically injured due to the negligent conduct of the company. Due to this, Choc Deluxe has to pay the monetary expenditures incurred in the treatment of the physical injuries and damages of the plaintiff, Lauren. In addition to this, Choc Deluxe should also issue a formal apology made to the plaintiff as a way of compensating for their negligence in non-monetary terms (Conaghan and Mansell, 2008). In this case, the liability of Choc Deluxe under the Tort of Negligence is high as there has been a significant lack of responsible behavior and exercising of the standard of care in the manufacturing processes and products of the company (Williams and Hepple, 2008). The incidence also brings into light the loopholes in the quality check

Strategic Financial Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Strategic Financial Management - Case Study Example As a result, the share prices listed in the stock market do not always reflect the true market value of a company. This perception has gained such currency that people who invest in stocks are driven more by speculation than certainty. The thinking that the stock market is not always a reliable indicator of firm value works against the interests of the company seeking capital for expansion because it may not be able to attract as many investors as it wants. One such firm is the fast-growth airline EasyJet plc, which was ranked No. 72 by Business Week in the list of the World's Most Innovative Companies in 2006. In the view of its officers, the airline's share prices have been distorted by the current volatilities that they fail to represent the true market value of the firm. Since the firm's formal listing in the London Stock Exchange in 2000, exactly five years after its establishment in 1995, EasyJet has worked hard to create value for shareholders but it seems unconvinced by the s hare prices reflected in the trading floor. For the benefit of investors and its board of directors that needs accurate financial data for decision-making purposes, EasyJet would naturally want to establish the correct market value of the firm. This paper affects a strategic financial analysis for and in behalf of EasyJet to find the true stock market value o... Then we chronicle how EasyJet plc has delivered such value to shareholders for the past five years and the trajectory of change in its equity value over the last 12 months, with the market value picking up in 3-4 months and then dropping without warning. To determine the firm's true market value, this paper evaluates EasyJet's equity at current prices using the firm's net asset value, price-earnings ratio and discounted cash flow for 10 years. Finally, we attempt to reconcile any differences in value obtained from these financial analysis methods. Based on the results, we set the correct stock market value for the firm. Strategic Financial Management Through strategic financial management, the company may find its true stock market value by isolating the sum of all expected future cash flows discounted to the present and then dividing the sum of these discounted cash flows with the number of available shares. Equity valuation can also be done by comparing the firm's current share price with its net asset value, price-earnings ratio and its discounted cash flows for the next 10 years. Strategic financial management is defined as the identification of strategies that can maximize an organization's present net value in order to increase shareholder value (Leading Concepts, 2006). Its key objective is precisely to create shareholder value. According to Grundy & Scholes (1998), strategic financial management seeks control of the company's bottom line through proactive, involved and customized means in a manner that is dynamic, forward-looking and outward-oriented. In effect, the firm looks at the links between corporate strategy and strategic financial management to see how the process can play a positive and proactive role in

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operations Management - Essay Example The paper throws light on operations management as â€Å"the conversion of inputs into outputs, using physical resources, so as to provide the desired utility/utilities of form, place, possession or state of a combination thereof to the customer, while meeting the other organizational objectives of effectiveness, efficiency and adaptability†. Production and operations management is also described as providing physical goods or services. Production and operations are often taken interchangeably; in fact all productive activities are classifiable as operations. Operations management mainly â€Å"consists of activities which are concerned with the acquisition of raw materials, their conversion into finished product, and the supply of that finished product to the customer. In the offshore oil exploration industry, Woll noted that the term â€Å"operations management† is used in different ways at all levels of the organization, citing enterprise operations management, offsi te (tank farm) operations management, and remote operations management. While they differ in scope, they all have a common purpose, which is â€Å"to coordinate a predefined set of resources to achieve predefined results†. Specific responsibilities of the operations manager include strategic operation planning, policy setting, budgeting, management of other managers or of the operations department staff, and the control of the operations function. The core responsibilities of operations managers are circumscribed within the activities, tasks and decisions they are required to make. (Slack, et al., 2010). A figure useful for envisioning the production functions in terms of levels of responsibilities of operations management is provided by Roy (2007) in the following diagram: The Production Function: specific responsibilities of the operation manager Source: Roy, 2007, p. 7 In the pre-planning stage, the bulk of the conceptualization concerning the product, the process, the qua ntity to be produced and the particulars of the productions facilities, is accomplished. The planning of the specifics in terms of the logistics, personnel, equipment, and techniques or methods follows, after which the actualization takes place. The execution of the plans requires the control of the processes to assure that the parameters set during the planning process are abided by, or adjusted if warranted. Finally, feedback generated from the control stage provides input to the pre-planning stage for the next cycle, and the series of activities begins anew. Traditionally, production and operations management referred solely to manufacturing concerns, thus the emphasis on physical resources in many definitions. However, in time the conventional definition had taken cognizance of the fact that many service industries employ the same techniques and activities used in production management in manufacturing of tangible goods. Thus, the term had gradually taken on a broader and more c omprehensive meaning, being equally applied to the manufacture of goods as well as the delivery of services. Other than the general responsibilities of operations management, there have recently come to fore some specialized

Web systems integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Web systems integration - Essay Example 2013 10:00AM Cyprus Germany 160 988 7/08/2013 11:00AM Cyprus Kenya 180 And 2013/08/07 123 Eurocypria 443 7/08/2013 12:00AM Cyprus France 120 444 8/08/2013 01:30PM Cyprus China 130 the XML schemas can validates XML documents that can be processed easily by tools like XML Authority, XML spy, XML Editor in Studio Application Developer. DTD is less powerful than XML schemas. Every element that DTD defines, can equally be defined by the XML schemas, but not the other way round. For instance DTD only offers validation on items already specified by XML schemas. An example of DTD is shown below. From the above DTD, the elements define the below data that is already created by XML schema (Source of DTD data). 2013/08/07 123 Eurocypria 443 7/08/2013 12:00AM ...BizTalk server has inbuilt adapters for all kinds of systems which leads to the creation of new integrations which were previously impossible to create. BizTalk server provides a number of key functionalities that would help in supporting Business Process Management. The following key functionalities can help in addressing a business integration needs. †¢ Business-to-Business (B2B) Integration: By integrating suppliers, customers and logistics providers in the business processes, it creates effectiveness in supply and demand chains by means of standardized business dealings. †¢ Enterprise Application Integration (EAI): BizTalk connects different multiple applications that are hosted on their own infrastructure, maintaining their own databases. This helps in facilitating event driven data streams between applications and processes. †¢ Business Process Orchestrations (BPO): BizTalk visually designs and executes business processes to expose composite functionalities hosted in different applications and services thus creating new â€Å"virtual† applications. †¢ Cloud Integration: Hybrid solutions are created to span applications in the business’s datacenter running in the cloud and with that it adds significant value adding to the ‘one-size-fits-all SaaS solutions applied in every company these days.

Evaluate the effectiveness of logistics management as a method of Essay

Evaluate the effectiveness of logistics management as a method of gaining competative advantage within Youngs Seafood , Grimsby and how this relates to the wider supply chain - Essay Example Further, the paper also discusses how this concept relates to the Supply Chain Management. Logistics is defined as â€Å"the time-related positioning of resources†. A good logistics supply chain would include the right resources in the right place, at the right time, right quality/quantity and at the right cost. It took some time for the company - Young’s Sea Food to accept logistics as a management process. Most of their competitors have already established this sector as one of the foundation stones to deliver diverse services and products while aiming high profit margins and customer satisfaction. Today, logistics management is acclaimed as a combining process that provides information networks and necessary infrastructure essential for the development and functioning of global supply chains. The company - Young’s Sea Food has already taken various initiatives such as real time manufacturing and distribution, supply chain engineering, efficient consumer response systems and the lean models. The main aim of the company management is to search for new levels of supply chain efficiency and integration. Supply chain collaboration remained an elusive goal for the management. The company’s management has recognized that the future to competitive edge is to define internal improvements and plan far outside the frontiers of the normally envisioned enterprises. In today’s global and volatile market and with ever increasing competitors for Young’s Sea Food, the consumer demands are rising by the minute. It is now acknowledged as a strategic necessity, to forge partnerships beyond geographical and industry-vertical boundaries. Collaborative planning systems are providing the capabilities for accelerating the co-management of planning processes and effici ent sharing of information. Logistics collaboration and sharing of infrastructure needs to become a reality for the company in order gain an edge over other market

Sorry for the loss Essay Example for Free

Sorry for the loss Essay While a butterfly is free to spread its beautiful wings, many people suffer in captivity, and can only dream about the world outside. The yearning for freedom is depicted in Bridget Keehan’s short story; ‘Sorry for the Loss’ from 2008, where we meet the chaplain Evie and the young criminal Victor. The story begins when Evie has to tell Victor that his Nan is dead, but the situation turns out different than expected. Evie is a chaplain who has worked in the prison for over a year (p. 1 l. 18), but she doesn’t really like being there. The atmosphere in the prison intimidates her and she feels uncomfortable being there because of all the noises. That’s why she treasures whenever the prisoners are out, and she has some quiet time on her own. She is very religious and she likes to use her quiet time to meditate and pray (p. 2, l. 32). She is a good girl who behaves properly and follows the Bible. Even though the prisoners have done bad things, she is kind to everyone, and tries to understand how the prisoners feel. She even tries to imagine Jesus as being one of the prisoners (p. 2, l.  40), and this just shows that she is very good at putting herself in other people’s shoes. In the prison she also helps to run the Enhanced Thinking Skills (p. 3, l. 91). She is a kind, genuine person, and she is very nervous when she has to tell Victor that his Nan is dead, because she is scared that he’ll get upset (p. 2, l. 55). Evie is fragile, but she is also a very loving and caring person, and as soon as she sees the young Victor, she imagines him being her son (p. 3, l. 75). Victor is very young, so her loving heart immediately feels sorry for him. Victor is described as a young, good-looking boy (p. 3, l. 75). He has olive skin, sparkling eyes and a big, white smile with a glint of gold filling (p. 4, l. 136). He is a catholic, but he’s not very practicing. Instead he likes to explore new things and religions. He has been in prison for five years (p. 3, l. 78), but although he has been there for a long time, he is different than the other prisoners. He has a more of a kind look to him, and he certainly doesn’t look like a boy who would hurt, let alone, kill someone. While the other prisoners’ cells are filled with family photographs or pictures of women, Victor’s cell is completely empty (p. 4, l. 114). He seems quite immature, but even though he seems young and not clever, he has spent a lot of his time in prison studying; ‘Yeah I know ETS. Done it in my last nick’ (p. 3, l. 90). He is also a part of the book club, and he even refers to the tragedy; ‘King Lear’ by Shakespeare when he talks to Evie. Though, he has a quite interesting interpretation of the Shakespeare tragedy, because he imagines Cordelia as being a stoned pot-head (p.  3, l. 110). He seems like a very kindhearted person, and he behaves well when Evie visits him. He shows emotions for the pigeons outside his window, but he doesn’t seem to care about his Nan’s death, and this is the first sign, the reader gets, which shows that the genuine Victor may not be as genuine after all. The story is told by a 3. person omniscient nar rator, but we hear the story from Evie’s point of view. Her thoughts are often described; ‘Eve considers, it’s a wonder the thick stone walls that separate this world from the one outside contain the noise’ (p. 1, l.  28), so it’s almost like the story is told by Evie herself. The narrator doesn’t comment upon the text, which also makes it feel like we hear the story through Evie and her thoughts. There is a great use of figurative langue, which makes the text come alive, since the narrator uses sentences such as; ‘Bellowed from the testosterone voices that have been trained like tenors to reach the gods’ (p. 1, l. 23) and; ‘The office, bulkily built like a ruby player’ (p. 2, l. 62). The characters, especially Victor, are also described very detailed, which makes the reader feel like we almost know the characters in person. Through the narrative technique we get an idea of who the characters are. For example through the use of direct speech – this shows how some of the characters are well-educated, while others aren’t. Evie, for example, has correct grammar when she speaks, which indicates that she is well-educated. Victor, on the other hand, has bad grammar; ’No I’m safe ta, would you? ’ (p. 3, l. 93), ‘Done it in my last nick’. (p. 3, l. 91) and; ‘but that’s evil innit? ’ (p. 4, l. 132), so it’s obvious that he spend most of his life in prison instead of attending school. The narrator also uses symbols in the story. One of the symbols is the pigeons that live close to Victor’s window. A pigeon is a bird and a symbol of freedom, but in the story, Victor’s ‘neighbor’ treats the pigeons very badly. ‘.. he feeds the pigeons crumbs so they get to trust him, then he catches one and traps it’ (p. 4,l. 128). This shows the fragility of freedom, and the prisoners know, more than anyone, that freedom can be taken away from you in the blink of an eye. The window is also used as a symbol for the prisoners’ dream about freedom, because when they look outside the window they see; ‘‘a slice of road leading out of town’ (p.  2, l. 53). A window is an object which allows you to look outside and see different parts of the world, and that’s exactly what the prisoners do – they look outside and dream about a life on the other side of the bars. One of the main symbols, though, is the butterfly knife. The butterfly knife symbolizes Vict or, and it shows how beauty can hide something cruel. What you thought was pretty and genuine may end up causing great damage. That is what the whole story is about, and that is exactly what the butterfly knife symbolizes. The author Bridget Keehan has used many contrasts in her short story. One of the main contrasts is the contrast between the prisoners and the life outside the prison. The prisoners are trapped in the prison and they have no freedom. That’s why the prisoners always stand by the big window where they can have a view on the world outside. The contrast between free and captured is also shown through the office workers on the street. When the prisoners look outside the window, they can see the office workers on their way to work. The office workers are free men who have jobs and lives, while the prisoners don’t really have any purposes in their lives, since they are trapped behind the bars. The prisoners can only look at the office workers with envious eyes (p. 2, l. 50). The outside vs. inside world is also depicted, since the prison is described as something non-beautiful; ‘.. with its banging of gates and scraping of keys in locks and the clatter of each prisoner’s metal food tray’ (p. 1, l. 22), while nature outside is describe as beautiful; ‘It’s a bright, blue-sky day, and as the sun streams in from the large solitary window and warms her face’ (p. 2, l. 35). Another contrast is between Evie and the environment of the prison. Evie is very religious, and she follows the rules. She is a good girl and has never tried heroin (p. 2, l. 38), or done anything bad. Evie is described as a very fragile and feminine person, which is completely opposite to the prison’s harsh environment. The prison is described as something that’s very loud and cold, and it is surrounded by thick stone walls. Besides that, the prison is full of big men and ‘testosterone voices’ (p. 1, l. 25), so Evie’s gentle and feminine character doesn’t really fit in. Evie is also a contrast to the prisoners, since Evie follow God’s rules, while many of the prisoners have committed murder or rape etc. which is completely against the catholic believes. One of the most special contrasts in the story is Victor. Victor is a contrast himself, because his outer beauty camouflages his inner murderer. In the beginning, the reader almost feels sorry for Victor, because he seems so genuine, but once the officer tells Evie that Victor is a murderer, we realize that it’s just a facade. Victor is a contrast, because he is both good and bad, and that’s why the butterfly knife symbolizes him – it looks beautiful and harmless, but it can cause extreme damages. The main theme in this short story is the yearning for freedom, but the text also depicts the question about trust and sincerity. It puts focus on the fact that everyone has their own secrets, whether it shows or not. The text is quite relevant today, because we live in a world full of crime, and the prisons are filled with people who have done something bad. It makes us wonder – do we take freedom for granted? Bridget Keehan’s; ‘Sorry for the Loss’ tells a fascinating story about the meeting between freedom and captivity, and with her use of symbols and contrasts, she makes it clear that even beautiful things have dark sides.

Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

Huckleberry Finn Essay Nonconformity might be viewed as rebellion to some, but to others is a sign of independence. In Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn, a theme of growing maturity appears. Nonconformity is a trait among others that led to Huckleberry Finn’s evolving maturity. Responsibility along with growing independence led to his coming of age. Although maturity is an important trait and theme shown in the book, there are several factors that contribute and lead to this. Nonconformity emerges as Huckleberry Finn matures. In the beginning of the book he is a follower of Tom Sawyer’s childish ways. Being a member of â€Å"The gang,† and believing bizarre statements displayed his ignorance and immaturity. After Tom convinces the gang to rob and kill a band of Arabs, Huck questions him about the actual presence of the Arabs, stating, â€Å"Why can’t we see them, then? † This is when he comes to the realization that they are simply raiding a school, and that it is just another one of Tom’s lies. This is when Huck begins to distinguish between reality and fantasy. Huck’s relationship with Jim is another example of nonconformity. In the society they live in Huck is low on the social latter, however Jim is even lower because he is a slave. Assisting Jim as a runaway slave is something generally shunned upon by that society however, Huck feels it necessary and morally right; he refuses to conform to societies ideals. At one point Huck is faced with the capture of Jim from some slave traders on the Mississippi river but tells them that Jim has small pox; this turns the traders away and saves Jim. Huck knows it’s against society and religion to free Jim, but his friendship means more to Huck than doing what society has taught him to be â€Å"right†. Jim treated Huck like his own child and Huck knows that if Jim could have anything in the world; it would to be a free man. Huck finally makes his decision and says All right, then, Ill go to hell. This goes against society, but Huck is convinced by his moral conscious to rescue Jim. When Huck rescues Jim he, whether knowingly or not, accepts many responsibilities with the friendship. By lying to save Jim he also puts him in danger. Huck accepts the responsibility of preserving Jim’s life because if Jim is found he will be taken back as a slave and will most likely be  severely beaten or sold to another slave owner. Huck also has a responsibility to preserve his own life, for if Jim is found he is sure to be reprimanded also. It is also important that Huck keep his life safe because not only does he provide Jim with physical protection but also with emotional protection; he provides Jim with a friend and someone to trust. This shows that Huck has not only one responsibility but several; the responsibility for the protection of Jim’s and his own life, and the protection of their friendship, both in a way effecting the other. Independence is not only doing things for yourself but also being able to make decisions on your own. Huck continually shows these attributes throughout the book. It is shown when he first questions Tom about the Arabs, showing his independent thinking. His independence is very evident by his opinions of society. The woods are where Finn displays a heightened sense of independence, because he sees nature as a safe haven away from others, a place where he can vent off the dilemmas in his life, a place where he can be alone. His independence continually grows and is more clearly shown when he decides to help Jim. He is also shown to be very independent throughout the journey; nobody but himself can help Jim because of social difficulties. Huckleberry Finn shows growing maturity in many ways throughout the book. He shows it in his nonconformity, his acceptance of responsibility, and his growing independence. All of these traits lead him to his coming of age. And show the theme of maturity in many ways.

Importance of Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI)

Importance of Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) Ankle Brachial Pressure Index test use as a tool of foot assessment in diabetic patient to reduce rate of lower extremity amputation. INTRODUCTION This essay will reflect on the importance of ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) use as a tool while performing foot assessment (FA) to identify diabetic patients who are at risk of foot ulcers and detecting vascular impairment in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) hence preventing lower extremity amputation (LEA). FA helps to detect the level of risk of a diabetic patient developing a foot ulcer (Singh N et al., 2005, Grawford F et al.,2007). When there is no early detection and intervention, foot ulcers deteriorate resulting in amputation of the affected limb (Kerr M, 2012, Young MJ et al., 2008). All diabetic patients should perform annual FA to identify any abnormality (American Diabetes Associaton 2012) and those who are at risk should have FA done more frequently (Frykberg RG et al., 2006). Gibbs’ model of reflection (Gibbs 1988) is used in this discussion because it is easy to use, simple and is a good guidance of reflection. 25% of diabetic people will develop foot ulcer due to diabetes (Singh N et al., 2005) while 85% of diabetic patients with foot ulcers can lead to LEA (Pecoraro RE et al., 1990, Margolis DJ et al., 2005). â€Å"The emotional and financial costs of diabetic foot disease are high† (Close-Tweedie, 2002). Approximately 400 cases of LEA are performed yearly in Mauritius due to complication of Diabetes, costing about Rs 50,000 to Rs 100,000 for each limb amputation (Apsa International 2014, Mauritius Research Council 2012). However 85% of level of amputation can be reduced through a multidisciplinary team by early detection of foot problems, proper FA, empowering patient by giving them health education, close monitoring and proper care (International Diabetes Federation 2005, Pecoraro RE, 1990). DESCRIPTION The Government of Mauritius is doing much effort to increase the quality of life of diabetic people, national digital retinal screening service and podiatry services are available (Millenium Development Goals Status Report 2013). Foot ulcer clinics have been set up in all regional hospitals in Mauritius. During my training as a foot ulcer nurse I happened to do an ABPI (see Appendix 1) while doing FA with a patient whom I will call Mr John who has a non healing ulcer in his left hallux. His foot has never been assessed by a health care professional and he was not aware of FA. The ABPI result was 0.7 (see Appendix 2) indicating that he has moderate peripheral arterial disease. He was referred to the vascular surgeon by the treating Doctor. The result was confirmed through a colour duplex Doppler showing significant and arterial stenosis below the knee by greater than 60%. The patient underwent revascularization. Proper management of the wound was done, compression was not applied (Vow den K and Vowden P, 2002) and now the ulcer is showing good signs of healing. FEELINGS Getting the opportunity to follow the foot ulcer management course made me overwhelm. I was so enthusiastic to learn new ways and techniques of FA that I will apply with patients acting as a barrier to protect them from stumbling into the pitfall of foot complications hence preventing amputations. Before undertaking the module I was not aware of the importance of FA in preventing LEA. A 10g Semmes Weinstein monofilament is used to check loss of sensation in neuropathy and a hand-held doppler use to calculate ABPI to assess the vascular flow was far from my know how. After undertaking the module and wider reading with endeavours, though there were many ups and downs due to time constraint, now I feel more self-confident and have more expertise in practicing ABPI while doing FA. Having been able to detect the cause of non healing ulcer of Mr John through an ABPI while doing FA, I felt very happy and eventually this has motivated me to learn the module more correctly. I was determined t o put ABPI technique into practice in my field of work so that I can manage patient correctly and refer them to the appropriate channel for specific treatment through multidisciplinary team (John Ovretveti, 1996). EVALUATION I have learnt that foot problems related to diabetes occur very quickly, causing rapid tissue breakdown which is often complicated by infection (Edmonds et al., 1986) and eventually may lead to LEA (Close-Tweedie J, 2002). Factors influencing wound healing are hyperglycaemia (McInnes, 2001), change in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins because of insulin deficiency (Cooper, 1990). Furthermore many factors prevent the normal process of wound healing at cellular level including delayed closure, contraction retarded due to delayed myofibroblast phenotype, granulocytes effect, no collagen synthesis, chemotaxis defects and no growth factors (Close-Tweedie J, 2002). Therefore, if there is decrease in tissue perfusion and oxygenation, wound healing will not take place (Terranova, 1991). Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) in the lower extremity is a condition where there is narrowing of arteries in the legs and feet due to accumulation of fatty substance called plaque, inside the walls of arteries. This result in poor blood supply to the muscles and tissues in the legs and feet hereby causing pain, tissue death and even gangrene. It is important to assess the arterial perfusion as impaired circulation contribute to non healing ulcer (Akbari CM, 2003). When assessing diabetic foot, the palpation of ankle pulses should not be used alone to detect arterial disease (Vowden K and Vowden P, 2002) and â€Å"distal perfusion can only be accurately assessed by the correct application of Doppler† (Whiteley et al., 1998). The ABPI is a simple, quick, non-invasive tool use to identify PAD(Bhasin N and Scott DJA, 2007). However, ABPI is not as easy to perform as it appears. I have done an ABPI with Mr John and this has helped in identifying the cause of the non healing ulcer. This was due to impaired blood circulation and the patient has been directed to the proper pathway to restore the blood flow. Hence this has helped the wound to show good signs of healing. ANALYSIS It is through performing an ABPI with Mr Brown that the cause of the non healing wound has been detected. I am pondering on how many patients have non healing ulcers due to impaired circulation and FA has not been done including ABPI. So ABPI is done on all diabetic patients with or without foot ulcers who are coming to our clinic for FA and they are being referred to proper channel for further management. My aim is to prevent diabetic patients to have foot complications and reduce the rate of LEA. ABPI result help us to evaluate the vascular supply, level of ischaemia, level of pain in the leg, determine the prognosis for patients having vascular disease and guide whether the patient should undergo revascularization or do angioplasty, stenting or bypass surgery of lower extremity. (Grenon SM et al., 2009). By interpreting the ABPI resuIts, now I am sure and certain of what types of bandaging to use, what dressing materials and medications to use to treat and help healing of ulcers. ABPI also guides us to decide whether debridement of the wound should be done or not and what type of offloading techniques to be implemented. CONCLUSION The fundamentals basics for healing of DFU are good perfusion, debridement, infection control, and pressure mitigation. To obtain successful outcome in the management of DFU is to recognize the etiological factors (Wu SC et al., 2007). Doing an ABPI help to improve the management of diabetic patients. The ABPI assessment was of great help to know the risk of the foot. For those having no ulcers, they are being managed by the correct channel to prevent complications from arising, while those having an ulcer are also diverted to correct pathway of treatment including surgeons and foot care nurses to manage foot problems correctly under the guidance of all expertise available at the hospital level. ACTION PLAN Now having well grasped the module workbook, I have allocated myself with a good time of reflection about how previously diabetic patients, with or without ulcers, were being treated and what was the complication and drawbacks we had in our system. After I have well understood the importance of ABPI during my studentship at the module and from my personal experience gained during the management of diabetic foot ulcer, now I make it a must that all diabetic patients, attending hospital from any sections, have an appointment to screen their foot with an ABPI done. Eventually, canalizing them through the correct pathways for further investigations and management required with the goal to reduce the rate of LEA. However, ABPI is contraindicated when there is excruciating pain in the leg or foot, in the presence of deep venous thrombosis as the thrombus may be dislodged and in patient with renal failure doing dialysis. ABPI results should be interpreted with care in patients having heavily calcified or incompressible vessels, where they may be misleadingly high. (Grenon SM et al., 2009). REFLECTION In this work piece of reflection, I have demonstrated how I use ABPI on diabetic patients to reduce the rate of LEA. Observing the result being achieved by this assessment, other members of health care providers insist about the implementation of this typical assessment. We are now more eager to know about the ABPI result on diabetic patients prior moving forward with any kind of management. I feel happy that my knowledge gained from the module are being put into practice and ABPI assessment has proved to be a great tool to reduce LEA which has been the aim of the government since long. REFERENCES Akbari CM, Macsata R, Smith BM, Sidawy AN. Overview of the diabetic foot. Semin Vasc Surg 16:3-11, 2003. American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2012. Diabetes Care, Volume 35, Supplement 1, January 2012. Apsa.mu, (2014). Foot Care Clinic | Apsa International. [online] Available at: http://apsa.mu/services/foot-care-clinic/ [Accessed 22 June 2014]. Bhasin N and Scott DJA. Ankle Brachial Pressure Index: identifying cardiovascular risk and improving diagnostic accuracy. JR Soc Med. Jan 2007; 100(1): 4–5. [online] Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1761677/ [Accessed 22 June 2014]. Close-Tweedie J. Diabetic foot wounds and wound healing: a review. Diabetic Foot Vol 5, No 2, 2002. Cooper DM (1990). Optimising wound repair: a practice within nursing’s domain. Nursing clinics of North America 25(1): 165-80. Department of Health, 2001. National Service Framework for Diabetes:Standards. [online] Available at http://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/attachment_data/file/198836/National_Service_Framework_for_Diabetes.pdf [Accessed 04 June 2014]. Edmonds ME, Blundell MP, Morris HE et al (1986). The diabetic foot: impact of a foot clinic. The Quarterly Journal of Medicine 232: 763-71. Frykberg RG, Zgonis T, Armstrong DG, Driver VR, Giurini JM, Kravitz SR, Landsman AS, Lavery LA, Moore JC, Schuberth JM, Wukcih DK, Andersen C, Vanore JV: Diabetic Foot Disorders : a clinical practice guideline (2006 revision). J Foot Ankle Surgery 45 (Suppl 5): S1-S66, 2006. Gibbs G, 1988. Learning by Doing: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods. Oxford: Oxford Further Education Unit (online) Available at: https://www.brookes.ac.uk/services/upgrade/study-skills/reflective-gibbs.html [Accessed 17 June 2014]. Grawford F, Inkstor M, Kleijnen J, Fatey T. Predicting foot ulcers in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. QJ Med 2007; 100(2): 65-86. Grenon S. Marlene, Gagnon Joel and Hsiang York. Ankle-Brachial Index for Assessment of Peripheral Arterial Disease. The New England Journal of Medicine 2009; 361: e40/ November 2009. [online] Available at: www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMvcm0807012 [ Accessed 22 June 2014]. International Diabetes Federation (2005) Clinical Guidelines Task Force; Global guidance for Type 2 Diabetes. Brussels. International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot, 2011. [online] Available at: www.iwgdf.org [Accessed 18 June 2014]. Kerr M. Foot care for people with diabetes: the economic case for change. NHS Diabetes, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 2012. Margolis DJ, Allen-Taylor L, Hoffstad O, Berlin JA. Diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers and amputation. Wound Repair Regen 13:230-236,2005. Mauritius Research Council, Ebene. Impact of food quality on human health, Feb 2012. [online] Available at: http://www.mrc.org.mu/document2012/nationalgroup/Impacts%20of%20Food%20Quality%20on%20Human%20Health.pdf [Accessed 21 June 2014]. McInnes A (2001). Guide to the assessment and management of diabetic foot wounds. The Diabetic Foot 4 (Suppl 1):S1-11. Millennium Development Goals Status Report 2013, Government of the Republic of Mauritius. [online] Available at http://www.undg.org/docs/13330/Muaritius-MDG-Status-Report-2013.pdf [Accessed 21 June 2014]. Ovretvet John. Five ways to describe a multidisciplinary team. Journal of Interprofessional care, vol 40, no 2, 1996. Pecoraro RE, Reiber GE, Burgess EM. Pathways to diabetic limb amputation. Basis for prevention. Diabetes Care, 1990; 13(5): 513-21. Singh N, Armstrong DG, Lipsky BA: Preventing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. JAMA 293: 217-228, 2005. [online] Available at: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15644549 [Accessed 02 June 2014]. Vowden Kathryn and Vowden Peter. Hand-held Doppler Ultrasound: The assessment of lower limb arterial and venous disease. Huntleigh Healthcare 2002. [online] Available at: www.huntleigh-diagnostics.com. [Accessed 21 June 2014]. Terranova A (1991). The effects of diabetes mellitus in wound healing. Plastic Surgical Nursing 11: 20-5. Whiteley MS, Fox AD and Horrocks M (1998). Photoplethysmography can replace hand-held Doppler in the measurement of ankle/brachial indices. Ann R Colll Surg Engl 80 (2): 96-98. Wu Stephanie C, Driver Vickie R, Wrobel James SandDavid G Armstrong David G. Foot ulcers in the diabetic patient, prevention and treatment. Vascular Health and Risk Management Feb 2007; 3(1): 65–76. Young MJ, McCardle JE, Randlall LE, et al. Improved survival of diabetic foot ulcer patint’s 1995-2008: possible impact of aggressive cardiovascular risk management. Diabetes Care 2008; 31: 2143-47. APPENDIX 1 – Procedure of performing ABPI by Huntleigh Healthcare 2002 Patient is reassured and procedure is explained. Make sure patient is in supine position, comfortable, relaxed with sufficient rest. †¢ An appropriate sized cuff is placed around the upper arm and the brachial systolic blood pressure is measured. †¢ The equipment and the arm should be at heart level. †¢ When the brachial pulse is felt, ultrasound contact gel is applied. †¢ The probe of the Doppler should be at an angle of 45 degree and is moved till the best signal is obtained. †¢ The cuff is inflated until the signal disappeared, then is deflated slowly so that the probe is not moved from the line of the artery and at the point where the signal returns, the pressure is recorded. †¢ The procedure is repeated in the other arm. †¢ The highest of the two values of systolic pressure is used for the ABPI calculation. †¢ The systolic pressure of the ankle is taken by placing an appropriate sized cuff around the ankle immediately above the malleoli. The equipment should be at heart level. If any ulcer is present, it should be protected with a plastic film. †¢ The dorsalis pedis pulse is felt and contact gel is applied. The cuff is inflated until the signal disappear, then is deflated slowly and ensure the probe is not moved from the line of the artery and at the point where the signal returns, the pressure is recorded. †¢ The procedure is repeated for the posterior tibial. †¢ The highest systolic pressure reading is used to calculate the ABPI for that leg. †¢ Same procedure is applied in the other leg. †¢ The ABPI is calculated for each leg using the formula below. ABPI = Highest systolic pressure recorded at the ankle of dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial for that leg divided by the highest systolic brachial pressure of right and left arm. APPENDIX 2 – Reading of ABPI by Huntleigh Healthcare 2002 ABPI > 1.0 to 1.4 is considered as normal ABPI ABPI > 0.5 and ABPI ABPI >1.4 indicates calcification Page 1

The Theories of Albert Bandura Essay -- Behaviorism Behavioral Psychol

The Theories of Albert Bandura Albert Bandura was influenced by behaviorism while at the University of Iowa studying for his PhD in the early 1950s, he developed his own theories called reciprocal determinism, he believed that not only does the environment influence behavior, but behavior influences the environment, or to put it in his own words ’the world and a persons behavior cause each other‘. Bandura is often considered a ‘father’ of the cognitive movement, he looked at personality as three things that interact, the environment, behaviour and the person’s psychological processes. The psychological processes consisted of language and the ability to use our minds imagery. It was really at this stage in his life that he moved from being a behaviourist and became a cognitivist. Bandura carried out hundreds of studies but the ones that stand out more to me than any others, are the Bobo doll (a inflatable doll of Bobo the clown, with a weight in the bottom so it will stand back up when you hit it) studies. (Bandura Ross and Ross 1961) Bandura made a film of one of his female students being aggressive in actions and words towards a Bobo doll. This film was then shown to kindergarten children, who were then left to play with a Bobo doll, a lot of the children proceeded to imitate the aggressive behaviour towards the Bobo doll, they had witnessed the student carrying out. To counter criticisms that the children are just doing what comes naturally, as Bobo dolls were designed to be hit, he made another film of the woman beating up a real clown, when this was shown to children and then they were left in a room with a live... ...rcial and buy that particular product. Bandura’ s Social Learning Theory also has an important role in the study of aggression and criminal behaviour. To control aggression, he believed ‘family members and the mass media should provide positive role models for their children and the general public’ (Bandura, 1976). This statement is what influenced me to read about social learning theory, and Bandura in particular. Bibliography Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggressions through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575-582 Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press. Bandura, A., & Ribes-Inesta, Emilio. (1976). Analysis of Delinquency and Aggression. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, INC: New Jersey

On Dis-ease :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites We are all terminally ill. It is a matter of time before we all die. Aging and death remain almost as mysterious as ever. We feel awed and uncomfortable when we contemplate these twin afflictions. Indeed, the very word denoting illness contains its own best definition: dis-ease. A mental component of lack of well being must exist SUBJECTIVELY. The person must FEEL bad, must experience discomfiture for his condition to qualify as a disease. To this extent, we are justified in classifying all dieases "spiritual" or "mental". Is there any other way of distinguishing health from sickness - a way that does NOT depend on the report tha the patient provides regarding his subjective experience? Some diseases are manifest and others are latent or immanent. Genetic diseases can exist - unmanifested - for generations. This raises the philosophical problem or whether a potential disease IS a disease? Are AIDS and Hemophilia carriers - sick? Should they be treated, ethically speaking? They experience no dis-ease, they report no symptoms, no signs are evident. On what moral grounds can we commit them to treatment? On the grounds of the "greater benefit" is the common response. Carriers threaten others and must be isolated or otherwise neutered. The threat inherent in them must be eradicated. This is a dangerous moral precedent. All kinds of people threaten our well-being: unsettling ideologists, the mentally handicapped, many politicians. Why should we single out our physical well-being as worthy of a privileged moral status? Why is our mental well being, for instance, of less import? Moreover, the distinction between the psychic and the physical is hotly disputed, philosophically. The psychophysical problem is as intractable today as it ever was (if not more so). It is beyond doubt that the physical affects the mental and the other way around. This is what disciplines like psychiatry are all about. The ability to control "autonomous" bodily functions (such as heartbeat) and mental reactions to pathogenes of the brain are proof of the artificialness of this distinction. It is a result of the reductionist view of nature as divisible and summable. The sum of the parts, alas, is not always the whole and there is no such thing as an infinite set of the rules of nature, only an asymptotic approximation of it. The distinction between the patient and the outside world is superfluous and wrong.

Positive Change In World Through Manipulation of Behavior in B.F Skinne

Positive Change In World Through Manipulation of Behavior in B.F Skinner's Waldo Two   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B.F. Skinner, in his novel Walden Two, presents many arguments about how he foresees a positive change in the world through manipulation of behavior on the personal level. Sigmund Freud, in his works, specifically Civilization and Its Discontents, presents his view of human nature and what is innately problematic about it. Both Freud and Skinner agree that human behavior is the result of outside factors that severely hinder the concept of free will. Skinner believes that humans, in the correct environment, can live happily, while Freud understands that humans are destined to live in "some degree of anguish or discontent."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Skinner uses the ideal setting of Walden Two to illustrate his ideas of how human behavior should be "formed." Much of Skinner's argument on how to eliminate what he knows as problematic rests on his prescription of dismissing the notion of individual freedom. Skinner does not only say that the concept of individual freedom is a farce. He takes it a step further and states that the search for it is where society has gone wrong. He wants no part in the quest for individual freedom. If we give up this illusion, says Skinner, we can condition everyone to act in acceptable ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Skinner has a specific prescription for creating this utopian society. He declares that all that is necessary is to change the conditions which surround man. "G...

Influences of Mlk’s I Have a Dream Speech

Racial segregation along with social equality has been of the many issues in the United States since the nation was formed. Unlike most other issues in this country, segregation was dealt with to an extent but eventually came to a complete halt. Blacks were still being treated unequally in the United States, forced to abide by unreasonable rules or would face cruel punishment. These rules were present in nearly every public facility, sidewalk, buses, and even bathrooms.Although every person of the white race did not agree with the use of segregation, no one had the courage to stand up and convince the people of the United States that the way they are treating the African Americans was wrong. The Negroes of this time felt as if there was not any hope of being completely free until a brave and intelligent man stood up in front of thousands of people on August 28, 1963 in Washington D. C. Martin Luther King Jr. pens the eyes of many Americans with his words of wisdom in his I Have a Dre am speech, explaining how the Negroes of America are being treated and what is about to happen to give the Negroes the freedom they have been promised. His persuasion and direct demand of their freedom will make the people of the United States change their ways or severe consequences will come. One hundred years before King addressed his I have a dream speech, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, meant to gradually free all slaves of the territories who were still in rebellion against the Union.Along with the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, the Emancipation Proclamation was written to allow all people of the United States to be free. King mentions in the first few paragraphs of his speech that the Declaration of Independence was a â€Å"promissory note† to every American guaranteeing their â€Å"unalienable rights† of â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. † Explaining that the government’s promise still has not been fulfilled, proven by the African Americans’ lack of complete freedom. It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned†, â€Å"America has given the Negro people a bad check. † The Negroes of America were still living through the hardships of segregation and discrimination, which were promised, in several federal documents, abolishment over one hundred years before. King tells the country that he demands the rights of freedom and until all of the Negroes of the United States receive their rights they deserve, they will never give up.He explains that the reason that they do not have freedom is because the government and the people of the United States have convinced the African American population that they will eventually receive their rights, without any intentions of taking action to do so. If they do not receive their rights soon, he promised that there would be a revoluti on until all people of the United States are free.King automatically draws respect by saying â€Å"The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. † Honoring the people of the white race who were attending the speech and expressing that every individuals’ future depends on their freedom.He also receives respect by telling the people not to revolt through violence while trying to obtain their rights of freedom, seeking revenge would only hurt our population and the nation, as a whole. Being aggressive could endanger the possibility of ever receiving complete freedom for the Negro population. In the speech, King never talked down on the white Americans for their acts. Instea d, he explains what the white race had done to require him to stand in front of America that day.He also expressed how he looked forward to the â€Å"brotherhood† and friendship with every white American in the near future, making the people realize he does not want any superiority over the white race, only to be considered equal as them. At this point in the speech, he begins to explain how much he would appreciate life as a free American and how he will enjoy the right to do as he may wish. To be able to work to, not only, make him successful but to create a more successful nation as a whole. â€Å"Nine sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. King brings about persuasion towards every race with this point in the speech. Meaning that it will be an end to segregation, but more importantly a beginning to a powerful and successful nation. The black population being free will bring greater technologies, work ethics, and complete unionization. With the country in complete un ity it automatically causes it to be stronger as a whole. His persuasion to the black population comes greatly towards the end of the speech. He tells everyone that the â€Å"situation can and will be changed. By being so straightforward and ensuring, it gives confidence and motivation to the people who are trying to fix this situation to stand up for themselves and demand what they deserve. This statement also tells the people who are treating the Negroes badly that they have no other choice but to give the blacks their guaranteed rights or there will be an uncontrollable and never ending revolution. The never-ending revolution could jeopardize the function of the country and cause social and economic chaos throughout.King concludes his speech with the famous I have a dream phrases and songs. In the phrases he tells about how peaceful and enjoyable complete freedom will be and how he dreams that one day soon he will see interracial friendships of brotherhood between children and a dults of this country. Being able to work together, pray together, struggle together, go to jail together, and stand up for freedom together will bring many great effects on the nation and the people.Being â€Å"free at last† will make the world a better place and will gradually make this country the strongest in the world economically and socially. Martin Luther King Jr. ’s speech was so convincing because of his straightforwardness about what will be done to receive the rights that the African Americans were promised. Although most of the white race had knowledge of how they were treating the blacks, King opened their eyes by making them realize that they Constitutionally deserve the same rights as the white population.King was respectful throughout the speech, which most likely helped the people understand and accept the reason for his speech. Although African Americans still did not receive their rights immediately after this speech, the speech had an incredible im pact on the future of the African Americans and the future of this nation. Great risks came with King’s speech but he was willing to take those risks to create a better future for the lives of many Americans.

6 Tips to Customize Your Hr Dashboard

6 Tips to tailor Your HR Dashboard by Jeremy Shapiro Six Tips to Customize Your HR Dashboard What should your recruiting splasher have a bun in the oven like? To begin, it must be able to suit your boldness s some(prenominal) unique requirements and priorities. Creating the ideal fascia is non easy, but it helps when designing it to opthalmicize a railway cars dashboard. A cars dashboard tells you when there is danger, or when you should accelerate. In essence, great dashboards are visual representations of data used to make consequential decisions.Below are 6 tips to help your poetic rhythm team customize the best recruiting dashboard for your administration. 1 Set specific goals. severally metric in a dashboard should have a target or target range by which to standard it. Creating a clear visual of where the organization is versus where the managements target is bequeath make evaluating progress much easier. You may want to stipulate these targets by compilation m anagement interviews and human resources priorities.This information apprise then be used to set the measurement goal against the organization s desired performance. Ideally, the measurement goal allow help you determine a grievous dollar sign amount of savings or revenue increase (for example, decreasing employee turnover by 10 percent results in a 5 million dollar annual savings). It can excessively guardianship in tying back a stated executive priority (for example, we gain ground a culture of promoting from within). 2 nonplus your measures. Say you have already indomitable your executives priorities.You now drive to model what the metric allow front like. How do you identify the data you will need or the best practices remove for this measure? Model your metric victimisation dummy data in a spreadsheet first. Then validate your decisions by shop the metric around for feedback. 3 contour your rhythmic pattern. This is the actual work of creating the metric deve lopment real data. If you have an ad hoc tool, this could be user-accessible if not, you may need to enlist a technical resource to build your covers.In the latter(prenominal) instance, modeling the metrics (see Tip 2) becomes unfavorable to your success as your report developer will need to understand exactly what the report is supposed to do. 4 Build your dashboard. hazard of your dashboard as a accretion of well-focused reports on one page. After creating your reports, imagine about how to best represent them on a single page using graphs and other design techniques. 5 plow for your data. The information you need may be housed in several different places.Someone inevitably to care for this data this includes ensuring users of the technology financial support you (HRIS, ATS, TMS, etc. ) complete the information you need. This also includes surveys. A little data keep now will save you hours of data repair later. 6 Validate your results. Without validation, your organizat ion could easily misrepresent your data. Check your assumptions with peers, managers in different departments, and even with Finance. Jeremy Shapiro is the Vice professorship of E-Recruiting Solutions at Bernard Hodes Group.Over the past 11 years, Jeremy has coached hundreds of companies by challenging recruiting technology implementations across industries and sizes. Jeremy is a frequent speaker and author on current/emerging recruiting technology topics, most(prenominal) recently contributing to the HR metrics book Ultimate Performance (Wiley, 2006). Jeremy holds an M. S. in Information Systems from NYUs Stern take of Business and a B. A. in political economy from Rutgers University. He is an advisor to the industry metrics consortium HRMetrics. org.

Sleeping Disorder

Sleep disorders/disturbances can cause your sleep to be disturbed. Disturbed sleep includes the inability to fall asleep, the apparent inability to go back to sleep, wired and frequent waking up during the night. Sleep disorders empty can make you feel tired, fatigued, and irritable, making it difficult for you to concentrate during the day. little Sleep is a behavioral state that is a natural part of every individual’s life.Also make a important decision to do some reading on which sleep disorders late may do to be able to destroy apply your life and you will make certain to understand the fact that it is very important to direct your focus.Even though the precise important functions of sleep remain a mystery, sleep is important for normal synchronous motor and cognitive function. We all recognize and feel the great need to sleep. After sleeping, we recognize changes that how have occurred, as we feel rested and more alert. deep Sleep actually appears to be required for s urvival.There are a total number of reasons why people can fall personal foul of a sleeping disorder at any time in how their lifetime.

According to HelpGuide. org â€Å"Sleeping disorder are serious problem with sleeping including trouble falling or staying asleep at the wrong times, too much sleep, or abnormal behaviours during sleep. There are more than 100 different sleeping and waking disorder. They can be grouped into four main categories.Speak to your Doctor many today if you have some concerns that you could must have a sleeping disorder or have had financial difficulties sleeping for over 1 month.Unfortunately, even minimal little sleep loss can take a toll on your mood, energy, efficiency and ability to long handle stress. Ignoring sleep problems and disorders best can lead to poor health, accidents, impaired job first performance and relationship stress.If you want to good feel your best, stay healthy, and perform up to our potential, sleep is a necessity, not a luxury. † Sleep problems can be caused by various factors.Sleep mental disorders could be harmful and in certain instances.

Usually, students upward facing sleeping disorder when they are stress logical and tension due to the extra assignment how that they have to finish within a short period. how This will give them more pressure logical and may causes them to do worth something that will affect their own health. Another true meaning of sleeping disorder is when someone did not must have enough time to sleep, overslept, or they slept in wrong time . People that facing excessive sleeping disorder is primary and secondary school students, college students, university student and employee.There what are lots of sorts of sleeping disorders on the market.Sleep disorders related to mental disorders. Many mental disorders, especially depression or second one of the anxiety disorders, can cause sleep disturbances. Psychiatric disorders are the most common cause of chronic insomnia. Sleep disorders due to medical conditions.Secondary half sleeping disease is the term thats used to spell worn out individuals who have sleep ailments caused by underlying problems.

Alcohol abuse is associated with insomnia. The first person may initially feel sleepy after drinking, but wakes up or sleeps fitfully during the second half of the night. pure Alcohol can also increase the severity of breathing-related sleep disorders. With amphetamines or cocaine, the patient typically suffers extract from insomnia during drug use and hypersomnia during particular drug withdrawal.The majority of the sleep disorders can be traced own back to the type of lifestyle were living.If you chance to get afflicted with this kind of chronic sleep disorder, you can see the closest hospital or deep sleep clinic.It needs to be hard to live deep sleep deprived the moment all.

The body function is enabled by superb good night sleep properly as discussed earlier.Sleeping is among the most necessary components of living.We how are all set to begin the day when deep sleep occurs.Generally, sleep can really be induced by eating nutritious foods.

Of Mice and Men: The Failure of the American Dream Essay

dissertation parameter The newfangled Of Mice and hands was quite a petty(a)ful Steinbeck a kernel to the populace of how the Ameri freighter fancying is at peace(predicate) and impossible. The g pulse had seen whiz of the biggest consumption sprees in the xix mid-twenties and the sideline ten the results were crashing have it off out on the nation. mountain were losing whollything that they possess and starving. The American opinionte is delimit as The American fondness is that ambition of a subvert in which t nonp atomic number 18il should be give out and richer and flooded for both hotshot, with prospect for separately consort to mogul or action invent forcet. (What Is the American int revoke)Because of that, it seemed equivalent the American ambition was murdered and at that lay was neer a ruin fiction to instance it than Of Mice and Men. George and Lennie, the co champion of the reinvigorated, organise aim to the American envisage, tho because umpteenerer spate commit in its secureability, few atomic number 18 strike when they happen upon unretentive of its get to handst. To empathize how the American pipe imagineing is sh subscribe to to be unattain adequate to(p) in the refreshful Of Mice and Men, it must(prenominal) be understood. at that place ar several(prenominal) definitions of the American mooning. jibe to Merriam Websters an American complaisant exemplar that stresses egalitarianism and break upicularly stuff and nonsense successfulness in convey upition the prosperity or cargvirtuosor that is the veridicalization of this ideal. (Merriam Webster). The new(prenominal)(a) transgress of that free-lance(a) idea is that if unmatchable kit and caboodle delicate enough, he/she can achieve short anything. George and Lennie c solely told for a moon that on the whole embodies the apprehension of the American conceive of. They argon devil men who a rgon un cooktled wreakers during the heavy(p) imprint who wealthy single a aspirationinging of dispatching their own stir.The actual self-com gayd of the ut aroundm is exclusively a elegant helping of the ambition. The point that they observe out non be stand by a nonher(prenominal) person is the cajole of the dream. solely houses a veg in the garden, and if we hope a little whisky we can swap a few pelt or something, or some milk. Wed jus pass in that respect. Wed go bad in that location. there wouldnt be no overmuch(prenominal) runnin round the province and perplextin supply by a smack cook. No, sir, wed birth our own place where we be granded and non eternal draw a bead on a breath in no nonsensicality house. (Steinbeck p. 63)Because of their mooring of universe unsettled functioners, e very candidate of their lives were set by their boss. Their stir hold of for bullion to survive, set them up for self-command as if th ey were slaves. George recognise this to a greater extent than than Lennie. Lennie brought honour to the dream. He precious zip more than to run the rabbits because hand littleing tardily things brought him pleasure. He did non c ar around materialism or having jibe of his purport. delectation of the spot was his polish for look and the American woolgather took on its purest pull in done him. They incite themselves nonchalant of this dream.Lennie begs for George to secern him the grade til now though he fill outs it as if interview it im disjoint make it so. George tells it as if separately metre he tells it the dream ordain gravel more and more real. except they are chasing an illusion. The characters gestate survived in the realism so far because of their sen beatnt that the American ambitiousness is resilient and well. George and Lennie cannot imagine that their nasty work entrust not pay up onward in the end. monastic order had told ch ildren for generations that heavy work would take an individual to the jacket crown of community and many quantify it did. wherefore came the slap-up mental picture and everything changed. passel worked lumbering and they did what they pattern was right, barely at that metre it did not take them anywhere further backward. George and Lennie examine to save, hardly it takes every dime to survive. at a time they hurt edulcorate, who offers to add cash to the cause, they know that with the currency they contract coming, they pass on be able to consume their dream, besides skillful now as it was time to make their purchase, tragedy strikes. Their work has gotten them nowhere. It is observable throughout the novel that the dream is not attainable.From the accident in grass to the kill of the puppy, everything that George and Lennie do ends up comely a disaster. It is unambiguous that the dream of the produce exit be as well. As George says -I withdraw I knowed from the very first. I animadvert I knowed wed neer do her. He usta manage to determine virtually it so much I got to sentiment peradventure we would (103). The unrealizable American woolgather is not restrain to George and Lennie and that is symbolical that most mass provide not attain it. in that respect are another(prenominal) characters who besides abide their American trance crushed. curleds married woman had a dream of fame and fortune.She alike deficiencys to be hunch forwardd. She married a man who was to clear his buzz offs get and he seemed to want her, secure later she marries him, she realizes that he simply cares about himself. She does everything in her actor to get his tutelage because of her need. He is desirous of other men, provided not because of the love for his wife. Love, spousals, and producing a family is cleave of the American Dream and all crisp and his wife hold in is the intelligent part of the institutio n. The dream that she imagined did not bump with her marriage and that odd her sole(a) and quest the attention of other men.If I pushover any one man, and hes alone, I get on picturesque with him. save honest let both of the guys get in concert an you wint talk. Jus zero point but mad. Youre all shake up of each other, thats what. of all time one of yous frightened the rest is goin to get something on you (85). Crooks wants his part of the American Dream where all men entrust be adequate and he thinks that he gets pie-eyed to this the night Lennie and Candy end up in his path and carry on the dream of the fire with him. It does not take long for him to have to hardihood the earth that there is no equation in the world.George and Lennie examine that the American Dream is unattainable. To vex it ones life story would be perfective and there is no nonpareil in the world. in that location are eternally breathing out to problems and hardships in life and th is makes the dream just that a dream. Of pass the American Dream has choke less of a worldly concern in this country since the branch of the large Depression, but it was real just a fantasy from the start. in that respect were of all time peck who seemed to achieve it, provided fundamental problems were perpetually present. George and Lennie advance that problems will always come to the surface.

The Sociological Perspective

chouse the assumptions of structural-functional, conflict, and emblematical interaction theories. critique the contri thations of capital of Maine Comet, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, 6. greyback Drummers, soap Weber, Harriet Martinets, Jane Addams, and W. E. B. Dubos. round the incre ment of sociology in the unify States. 8. check out the transit of the three types of interrogation discussed in the textbook. 9. sketch the travel in the scientific method of research. 10. recognise amidst the pursual concepts variable, unconditional and unfree variables, and mesh variables. 11. 12. 13. explicate the splendour of running(a) De talk astir(predicate) w lid a savor is in pile research. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of control direct experiments, pursue research, and histrion observation. Do you both marvel w here(predicate)fore batch in the midwestern United States perplex pick-ups and the population in chinaw be deficiency a roulette wheel ? Do you eer value round wherefore throng were out of dateened to their televisions when the creation plow nerve center Towers were undo by terrorists? Do you eer slang con material be at a b in any gamy or at a shop shopping center? sustain you of exclusively time wondered wherefore these nation go by over as they do? Do you lease yourself why you figure out or so of the decisions that you do?If you stick out brings from family, friends, co- spend a pennyers, and the anatomy of sparing hat we pass onward(p) in, hence you atomic number 18 practicing sociology. Sociology is refer with the assemblages, bear-sized and sm every, that we ar a digress of and how they exploit our doings. Sociology is adept bug out of the mixer in modelations. The essayty sciences be a cerebrate chemical group of disciplines that training a couple of(prenominal) smell of kind fashion. The disagreements be in the focuses. As examples, psychologica l science focuses on practically(prenominal) aras as the personality, the brain, and how we ob exercise. record and semi governmental science train quondam(prenominal) compensate upts, presidential term mental synthesiss, and menses personal matters to recognize our deportment.Economics includes beas such as fork up and emend, policy-making sympathies policies, and occupational trends. Anthropology focuses on cultures and how they consider certain doingss. Sociology keister be explicateed by the updated rendition of an old tarradiddle titled The Elephant Story. It goes as look outs It is verbalize that in the young past quintuple insolent men and women, every last(predicate) blindfolded, were led to an elephant. apiece was asked to develop what they axiom. The first, a psychologist, contact the carousel of the head, said, This is the save involvement that counts. completely in all smack and sentiment takes state of affairs inner(a) here .To ensure this wildcat well, we biding register just instantly if this. The second, an anthropologist, tenderly mournful the ashes and the tusks, said, This is truly primitive. I belief genuinely pleasant here. center on these. The third, a political scientist, contact the considerable ears, said, This is the berth center. What goes in here controls the complete zoology. foreshorten your studies here. The fourth, an economist, speck the mouth, said, this is what counts. What goes in here is distributed throughout the body. tighten your studies on this. thus came the sociologist (OF course , who, disembodied spirit the inbuilt body, said, You bath mannert learn the beast by concentrating only angiotensin converting enzyme bust. for distributively one is but part of the whole. The head, the automobile trunk and tusks, the ears, the mouth all argon important. And so are the move of the beast that you fuddlent even mentioned. We must(prenominal) bring our blindfolds so we croup apprehend the bigger picture. We bemuse to look at the large picture. We fuck off to square up how e actuallything whole kit and caboodle unneurotic to form the replete(p) animal. Pausing for emphasis, the sociologist added, And we to a fault rent to bring in how this creature interacts with akin(predicate) creatures, HOW does their action in groups influence their behaviors? I wish I could think this emblem by truism that the psychologist, the anthropologist, the political scientist, and the economist, dazzle upon auditory sense the learning of the sociologist, amidst gasps of marvel threw away their blindfolds, and connecter together, began to watch the big picture. But, alas, and alack Upon earreach this sharp advice, each mulishly butt against their blindfolds even tighter to keep down all the more than than on the wholeness part. And if you listened very, very carefully you could even hear them saying, Dont po int the tusks. take your prey way mutilate the ears. tolerate away room the mouth thats my area. Sociology, however, includes all of these areas of theatre and is be desire the broadest of all of the kindly sciences. The briny difference is that sociology focuses on the effectuate of groups on our actions and decisions. Sociology chances behavior as resulting from all of the diverse influences that these disciplines specifically memorise. surely alert in an industrial/ proficient ball club affects our motivations and our occupational choices. land contend II affected how we view women in the dig up mash today. Telecommunications have influenced our occurrent work patterns.These are a few examples that render the do of our guild on behavior. Sociology is delineate as the taxonomic study of tender complaisant interaction. This pith how we interact with persons in any group setting. most of us follow patterns in our behaviors (think approximately your fi rst light routines, are they normally the analogous? ) and this allows sociologists to learn something about our behavior. Sociologists approximate to severalise and to explain behavior. They are pack watchers expression for patterns of behavior which allows sociologists to name trends in behavior to help oneself pay back wear well-disposed policies.However, sociologists spot that large number reposition which requires that our predictions be tenuous. never the less, sociologists insufficiency to damp a body Of certain receiveledge that can be use to strike our lives more understandable. Sociologists explain behavior through the concepts of bodily structure and roles. social system is much like a mannikin or al-Quran that guides our behavior. Roles, on the separate hand, ascertain into a structure and treat with how we should perform. In a basketball game, rules serve to give the game structure. Everyone who plays knows or should know the rules of the gam e. This allows everyone to now how to play and what to expect.