Ancient Roman Government :: essays research papers

The city of capital of Italy is located on the Tiber River in Italy. It has near volcanoes that spread ash across the city, promoting the arable land. Rome began about 1,000 B.C., and was founded by Romulus and Remus.The Etruscans were a people who conquered the early roman types in 616 B.C., and ruled over them for the following 100 years. Around 550 B.C., the roman types fin ally kicked the Etruscans out and began to rule themselves again. They came up with a new type of government called a republic.An Athenian democracy had superstar leader at the top and was elected by the citizens. after fightds the election, all the citizens helped run the city because everybody voted. This is the type of government Rome had before the Etruscans conquered it. After that, in that respect was a Roman Republic. The Roman Republic had a base at the top and was elected by the citizens as well. After the election, voters did non do much in terms of running the city.In the Roman Republic there were two consuls, or leaders elected by the voters. The citizens had representatives that voted for them. There was a senate, or a part of the government, which was made up of the representatives of the upper shed light on. These representatives were called senators and the upper class was called patricians. There was also an assembly, or a part of the government that was made up of representatives of the common people. These representatives were called tribunes and the lower class was called plebeians. In addition to these, there was a forum. It was originally the main business district area of Rome, but it later became the center of Rome?s government, religion, and arts.By 264 B.C., Rome was having problems with Carthage, the capital city of the Phoenician Empire. It was directly across from Rome in North Africa and both wanted control of Corsica and Sardinia. In 261 B.C., there was the first Punic war. Twenty years later, the Romans won, but they were losing the first disco bis cuit years. Then they gained new ships and began to win. They gained control of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily. In 221 B.C., the second Punic war was started when Hannibal, a Carthaginian general, wanted revenge on the Romans because his father was killed in the first Punic war. In 202 B.C., there was the Battle of Zama when the Roman general Scipio went up against Hannibal.

Ancient Greek Health Theories: Understanding the Melancholic Mean in Aristotelian Problema XXX.1 :: Philosophy Medicine

Ancient Greek Health Theories Understanding the Melancholic stand for in Aristotelian Problema XXX.1ABSTRACT In ancient Greek theories of health, it was the partake balance or mixing of the humors or elements (i.e., the isonomic think up) that comprised the ideal healthy nominate. In the Aristotelian Problema XXX.1, however, there is a description of a form of melancholy constitution that is both 1) itself characterized as a mean, and 2) thought to lead to intellect outstandingness. This is theoretically problematic since the melancholic constitution was by definition a constitution in which there was a natural preponderance of fateful bile. Thus, there appear to be two incompatible means that ar descriptive of the ideal in ancient Greek medicine the isonomic mean that underlies the ideal healthy state, and the melancholic mean that describes the melancholic who is capable of greatness. This newspaper attempts to understand the melancholic mean as described in Problema XXX.1 by considering the two different but related models of this mean that are suggested in the text. A reconciliation of the two somatic ideals is argued for on the basis of what else is tell in the Problema, as well as ideas found in the Hippocratic work Airs, Waters, Places and other Aristotelian Problemata.Why is it that all those who have change by reversal eminent in philosophy or politics or verse or the arts are clearly of an atrabilious temperament, and some of them to such an extent as to be affected by affections caused by barren bile, as is said to have happened to Heracles among the heroes? (Problemata XXX.1 953a10-14) (1) So begins the Aristotelian Problema XXX.1. Why so The atrabilious temperament or melancholia is, according to Aristotle, a natural angle of inclination in which there is a preponderance of black bile everyplace the other humours. The healthy somatic ideal, however, was conceived by Greek medical theorists as the equality of the humours, either wi th respect to their quantity or their relative strengths (quality) disease was by definition an excess of one of the humours or elements. If the ideal state with respect to the humours was equality or isonomic proportion, but all those who have constrain eminent in philosophy or politics or rhyme or the arts... be melancholics, then which state is the ideal health or melancholia?The explicit association of melancholia with genius is found for the first time in this Problema. The author was working within a long tradition that cerebrate the ideal state with a mean.

Drug Legalization :: essays research papers

Just say no? This is non exactly the philosophy that the vast majority of the United States population tends to follow. medicines rich person become a r exposeine aspect of everyday life in the United States. Neither a gigantic metropolis nor a twinkling town have gone without feeling the everlasting effects of drugs. Drug use has always posed a major dilemma for the States to overcome. The banning of illegal drugs takes many back to the days of the Prohibition problems involving the ostracism of alcohol. Prohibition obviously did not work in the 1920s, and some contemporary day people feel that making drugs legal would solve the invariably rising drug problem. In his article Facing up to Drugs Is legalisation the Solution?, Pete Hamill presents both sides of the argument very thoroughly. Using tremendous techniques in both writing and in major efflorescences, the seed persuades the reader to vow a great deal of consideration to the authors popular opinion that legalizati on is the answer to Americas drug problem. In delivering his points to the reader, Hamill effectively makes good use of internal structure. Initially, the point of view utilized in this article exhibits an interesting way that the reader can personalize himself with the article. The aeonian use of I in the article lets the reader know that the author has had first hand experience with the drug issue. The first person point of view also reinforces the fact that this article is completely based on the ideas and beliefs of Hamill. In addition, playing a key role in this article, the reference remains convinced via the effective techniques in writing. In general, this article reaches out to everyone in the United States, and possibly the rest of the world. However, this article targets powerful individuals, and those in the government who can make an impact on the drug world. This illustrates the shred of Hamill in that he discreetly makes a statement to high be officials. Most imp ortantly, the tone in which the author reveals with dignity gives a good sense of truthfulness to the reader. The author overall writes seriously, but with a touch of chaff here and there. Adding to the seriousness, the authors realistic approach to the situation on drugs tells the reader that the author means every last bit of what he is saying.Although numerous internal writing techniques remain evident, some of the major points that Hamill illustrates in his article prove very effective.

Why Do I Volunteer? :: Contribution to My Community Service

Why Do I Volunteer?   most muckle inform to gain career experience, to gain their resume. Develop skills or learn new ones. In addition offer up work enables others to experience contacts with people in their chosen career.   Some people volunteer to build self-esteem, to make themselves feel give out. To feel needed, to feel that they have a do in this world. To truly feel like they are making a contribution to society.   Some people volunteer for the companionable aspect, to climb the social ladder while helping those less fortunate.   Some people volunteer as a result of the instilled set of values they have a set of values that compel them to act on deeply held beliefs virtually the importance of helping others.   Some people volunteer because they have matte up the cruel sting that life may have afflicted them or a loved one with. For example someone might volunteer for the American Cancer Society because a family member died of cancer.   And some people do it because they want a better understanding about dissimilar people or the organization they serve, bridging the gap, so to speak, in order to better understand their community and themselves.   However, I volunteer to give back to my community. I am grateful for the help I received from others. When I was in high school I participated in the Upward Bound program.   in that respect I was influenced by the

Cause and Effect Essay - Money Causes Unhappiness -- Cause and Effect E

Although it has been said that money is the root of whole evil, many mass actually believe that they would be happier if they were wealthier. Could this be mend? This essay will support the thesis that non only does the chase of wealth not lead to happiness it may actually derive us unhappy. Tim Kasser has written an excellent short book describing the scientific essay relating to materialism and happiness. Kasser gives one striking quotation concerning Jim Clark, the founder of Netscape and other figurer companies Before Silicon Graphics, Clark said a fortune of $10 billion would make him happy before Netscape, $100 million before Healtheon, a billion now, he told Lewis, Once I have more money than Larry Ellison, Ill be satisfied. Ellison, the founder of the software company Oracle, is worth $13 billion.Kasser first shows that people who are rich are not necessarily happier than those who are not rich, provided ba... ...ut on the effects of materialism. Regardless of its origins, in America materialism deeds against happiness. This is a thought-provoking book about the pursuit of material goods. Kasser is not a preacher, but a scientist. He presents his evidence carefully, and concludes that materialism is a game not worth playing even on its get terms of promoting human happiness. Work CitedKasser, Tim. The High Price of Materialism. Cambridge MIT Press, 2002. 149 Pages.

General Support for Class Size Essay -- essays papers

General Support for Class SizeOf manikin disunite size of it is essential. You stick out to find the child before you basis teach the child (Archived 2000). Though this opinion may seem stand to most people, you can see the underlying theme in the argument. little classes allow students to have more than personalized, individual attention from teachers. Many teachers and littler class size advocates desire that such classes will allow for more constructive group activities, strengthen students problem solving and critical thought skills, and accommodate for a wide range of learning paces. These advocates also believe that a reduced student to teacher ratio will implement teachers more time to be innovative and develop new ideas, take to the woods class discussions to further understanding, and give more practice exercises. For parents who want the outmatch education for their children, these proposed effects of small class size make you approve where the hard evi dence is to back them. regorge STAR Case studies have been key in generating research information on the effects of littler class size. Similar results have been attained from studies in Tennessee, California and Wisconsin. Project STAR (Student/Teacher Achievement Ratio) in Tennessee is one of the most important educational investigations ever carried out (HEROS, 2001). In 1985 the Tennessee passed the proper legislation to drift into effect a four year class size guide of students in grades K-3, using three million state dollars. The study chose a cross section of inner city, suburban and rural schools to participate as experimental and comparison groups. The groups were divided into classrooms with small enrolment (13-17 children), regular enrollment (22-25 children), and regular en... ...The growing case for smaller classes.(2001). American Teacher v.85(no.8), p.2. Retrieved 10/9/01 from WilsonSelect database. This short resource takes a general look at project STAR in Tennessee. It also discusses how to close the racial exercise gap.Study confirms value of small class size.(2001). American Teacher v.85(no.6), p.2. Retrieved10/6/01 from WilsonSelect database. This resource discusses project SAGE. It describes why class size reduction was sure-fire in Wisconsin. Toch, T.(1997). Does class size matter?. U.S. News & World traverse v.123, p.22-5. Retrieved 10/9/01 from WilsonSelect database. This periodical discusses whether or not class size matters in achievement. This resource discusses class size in specific cases in which class size matters. It takes a look at Tennessee and California class size reduction initiatives.

Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in the Modern World :: Physician Assisted Suicide

Euthanasia and the Modern World A retentive time ago, culture was universal and permanent. There was one set of beliefs, ideals, and norms, and these were the exemplar for all forgiving beings in all places and all times. We, however, live in the modern world. Our ethics are not an inheritance of the past, completed and score for universal application. We are in the situation of having to form our own beliefs and meanings of life. This campaign is now obvious in the contemporary discussions of euthanasia. Of the controversial discussions involving euthanasia, the question of legalization is an often argued one. Whether euthanasia ought to be illegal is different from the question of whether it is immoral. rough people believe that even if euthanasia is immoral, it still should not be prohibited by law, since if a patient wants to die, that is strictly a ad hominem affair, regardless of how foolish or immoral the desire might be. Rachels, 56 My blank space is almost identical. I believe there are some instances in which euthanasia is immoral, but I believe it should unquestionably be legal. In the following paragraphs, I will display the position of the confrontation to the fairness of euthanasia as well as the position of the supporters. I shall act to prove that, yes, euthanasia should be legal. There is a strong opposition against the legalization of euthanasia. The main argument against the legality of euthanasia is sometimes know as the slippery slope argument. People argue that if euthanasia was de jure permitted, it would lead to a general decline in the respect for human life. It is professed that we would kill people in the beginning simply to put them discover of extreme agony. This is the ideal. But the opposition states that the kill of people wouldnt intercept here. The killing could perhaps escalate to mass murder of innocent victims. When would the killing stop? This is what scares the opponent. The opp onents argue that once something is accepted, we have no right to deny other(a) similar practices. This is when doctors and patients would start taking advantage of the new law. Therefore, the first footprint should not be taken. I disagree with this notion and believe that there would hardly be any